Monocrystalline silicon refers to the integral crystalline form of silicon material, which is a common photovoltaic power generation material. Monocrystalline silicon solar cells are the most mature technology in silicon-based solar cells. Compared with polycrystalline silicon and amorphous silicon solar cells, their photoelectric conversion efficiency is the highest. The production of high efficiency monocrystalline silicon cells is based on high quality monocrystalline silicon materials and mature processing technology.

Monocrystalline silicon solar cells are made from 99.999% pure monocrystalline silicon rods. In order to save the cost, the monocrystalline silicon solar cells applied at present have relaxed the material requirements. Some of the monocrystalline silicon rods used for solar cells are made from the materials processed by semiconductor devices and waste monocrystalline silicon materials, or they are made by pulling. The technology of making fluff by monocrystalline silicon is an effective means to reduce light loss and improve the efficiency of battery.

In order to reduce the production cost, the monocrystalline silicon rods with solar energy level, such as the solar cells applied on the ground, have been relaxed. Some may also use the semiconductor device processing end material and the waste monocrystalline silicon material, through redrawing makes the solar cell special monocrystalline silicon rod. The monocrystalline silicon bar is cut into pieces, usually about 0.3 mm thick. After polishing and cleaning, the silicon chip is made into raw material silicon.

Processing solar cells, first of all on the silicon doped and diffused, generally doped with trace amounts of boron, phosphorus, antimony, and so on. Diffusion is carried out in a high temperature diffusion furnace made of quartz. So you have a P, b, b, 0, N junction on the wafer. Then, using the screen printing method, the well-matched silver paste is printed on the silicon sheet to make the grid line. After sintering, the back electrode is made at the same time, and the reflection source is coated on the surface of the grid line to prevent a large number of photons from being reflected off the smooth silicon surface.

As a result, monomers of silicon solar cells are made. The monomers can be assembled into solar cell modules (solar panels) according to the required specifications after selective inspection, and a certain output voltage and current can be formed by series and parallel methods. Finally, the frame and materials are used for packaging. According to the system design, users can form solar cell modules into solar cell arrays of different sizes, also known as solar cell arrays. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar cell is about 15%, and the result of laboratory is more than 20%.